今日はpsychと関連する３つのフレーズを紹介したいと思います。 psyched、psych out そして psyched upです。
英語にはstokedやpumped upの様に、興奮を表現するために使う面白いスラングがいっぱいあります。今日は、面白い歴史をもったpsychのような単語について話したいと思います。実はこのスラングは「心理学」というい意味のpsychologyという単語を短くしたものなのです。20世紀初頭に、「精神分析を行う」という意味のpsychoanalyzeという動詞を短くした形のものとして使われるようになりました。今では、psychはそういった用法では使われていません。
psych out
１９３０年代にpsych outというフレーズは使われ始めました。今日ではこのフレーズも耳にすることが多いと思います。これは相手の裏をかくもしくは相手を知恵で負かすという意味で、相手を威圧するまたは相手の自信を挫くということです。なぜ意味が変化したのかは定かではありません。おそらく誰かにpsychoanalyzeしすぎると、その相手が精神的に威圧されて自信をなくすからではないでしょうか。スポーツや競技について話すときには psych out することが多いでしょう。
Before I play a game of chess, I try to psych out my opponent.
チェスの試合に挑む前に、対戦相手を威圧しようとする。
受身形のget psyched outもよく使われます。
The other basketball team had so many tall players we got psyched out.
他のバスケットボールチームに背が高い選手がたくさんいたので、僕たちは萎縮しちゃった。
My cat gave up his fish because the neighboring cat psyched him out.
近所の猫に威圧されて、僕の猫は自分の魚を諦めた。
psyched
１９７０年代からpsychedは、何かに対してわくわくしている様を表すために使われるようになりました。psychedをこのような意味で使う場合には、stokedやpumped upと同じような意味になります。
Are you coming to the party?
Yeah. We are soooo psyched!
パーティーには来る？
うん、めっちゃ楽しみ！
psychedは何かに対してものすごく期待しているというニュアンスを持っています。これは形容詞として使われていて、aboutまたはforが後ろにつくことが多いです。
psyched + about/for + 興奮している対象
I am so psyched about going to Germany today!
今日ドイツに行くんだけど本当に楽しみなんだ！
psych up
psychedとほとんど同じ時代に、psych upは使われ始めました。psych upは何かに対して覚悟するという意味です。特に、人々が神経質に不安を覚える様な何か難しい課題について話すときに使われます。psych upは以下のパターンのように、forとよく一緒に使われます。
psych + 対象の人 + up for + 難しい課題
I am trying to psych myself up for the rock climbing class on Monday.
月曜日のロッククライミングの授業にむけて心の準備をしているところだ。
上の文の通り、ネイティブはよく、何かのために自分自身の覚悟を決めたい時に、自分自身を目的語としてpsych upを使います。
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