前回、風邪とcoldの違いについての記事を投稿したのですが、読者の方から「catch a coldとhave a coldの意味は同じですか？」という質問をいただきました。確かに、これは少し分かり辛いかもしれませんね。しかし、ポイントさえ押さえれば理解出来ることなので、今日はそれについて説明します。
まず、「catch a cold」は、「風邪を引くという動作」を表します。一方で、「have a cold」は、「風邪を引いている状態」を表します。ですので、
I caught a cold from my daughter.
娘の風邪が移った。
を、
X I have a cold from my daughter.
と、いうことは出来ません。なぜならこの「I caught a cold from my daughter.」という文章は、「風邪が移った」という「動作」についての話だからです。
以下の例文を見ると、両方の使い方が分かると思います。
If I have a cold, then maybe you will catch a cold too.
私が風邪なら、あなたも風邪を引くかもしれないね。
I have had a cold since yesterday.
昨日から風邪を引いている。
I caught a cold yesterday.
昨日風邪を引いた。
上記の２つの文章を見比べると、１つ目の文章は今も風邪を引いている状態なのが読み取れますが、２つ目の文章は昨日風邪を引いたという情報しかないので、今の状態は分かりませんね。
ちなみに、現在完了形は今の状態を表す時勢なので、現在完了形の「have caught a cold」は「have a cold」の意味にとても似ています。
I have a cold.
I have caught a cold.
私は風邪を引いている。
I have a cold.
I have a headache.
I have a sore throat
のような病気、あるいはその症状が可算名詞になるのはなぜですか？
具体的な症状が連想されるから？
Thanks for the interesting question. I will write an article about that soon.
I haven’t really ever thought about it, but I’ll look into it for you.
Kuniさんの疑問
まさに今、自分が持っている具体的症状だからでは？
FASCINATING
私の教えてもらった記憶によると、その病気は会話相手との共通認識であるかどうかだと思います。
the がつくのが共通、a がつくのが非共通と習った気がします。
一日に食パン合計五枚以上食べて！！
Hi Luke,
The usage of ” have a cold ” is often used with ” could “.
Here is a great story I considered using below:
◆ Could & Can & Could have ＋ past participle & Can have ＋ past participle ? & Can’t have ＋ past participle & Can have for Speculate
＜ Title: How many meanings ” could ” have?lol ＞
A to B: “I could have a cold.”:
Possibility in the present
” I could have also fever.”:
Possibility in the future
B to A: ” Could you go to the hospital?”:
to make suggestions
A is making a call to his boss,C.
A to C: “Could I take a day off tody?”: Permission
C: ” Yes,you can.”:
“Can” to give permission for ” Could – Question ”
A to B: ” I was able to have a day off.”:
not possibility
B to A:” When you went to the X hospital few years ago, The doctor could give you good treatment.”:
Ability
A to B:” But,the hospital could have relocated last year.”:
Possibility ( could have ＋past participle )
B to A:”Ah, I could remember that the new location was so far away from here.”:
could ＋remember sth in the past
” It coudn’t be true. “:
negative of must = couldn’t
A said A could find the other hospital online.: Reporting can as past
B to A:” Anyway,You could have chosen more warm day for swimming. “:
Criticism
A to B:” We could have gone more warm country for our holiday.”:
Regret
B to A:” How could you? :
Disapproval
” We could have gone there but you preffered more cold place.”:
Capable but didn’t
A to B:” And,I couldn’t have enjoyed swimming without your suggestion.”:
not one’s capable doing( but,did)
” Anyway,I could have found out the hospital near here online. “:
Speculate about what has happened
B to A:” Can they have worked during the morning? It’s Saturday today.”:
” Can have ＋ past participle” for Speculate about what has happened (Question)
A to B:” Yeah,they can’t have worked in the afternoon.”:
” Can’t have ＋ past participle” for Speculate about what has happened (Negative form)
” They can have worked only in the morning.”: ” Can have ＋ past participle” for Speculate about what has happened ( ＋ only )
B to A:” It’s 12pm.Everyone can hardly have thought that they caught a cold in the afternoon on Saturday. ” :
” Can have ＋ past participle” for Speculate about what has happened ( ＋ hardly )
A to B:” Oh.I could find out also the other hospital online.”:
Past simple of “can”
A is making a call to the hospital,D.
A to D:” Could you treat me in the afternoon today?”:
Request
” No?Well,you could work also on Saturay!”:
“Should” angrily
B to A:” You could have had a fever,making calls all hospitals today.”:
speculate about something that didn’t happen ( could have ＋past participle )
A to B:” I could have received treament if I’d caught a cold yesterday.”:
speculate about something that didn’t happen( could have ＋ past participle & if would ＋past participle ）
B to A:” The “E” hospital could treated you now if they had still continued the internal department as 24 hours emergency hospital.”:
Possible present situations that have not happened ( could have ＋past participle & if had ＋ past participle )